Tragically, the fourth Excellent Ninja Battle has left countless children orphaned, yet a few fortunate ones managed to be taken in by none other than the Hokage. Yes, you heard that right. Now, what will you do? Will you embrace this mercy and return the favor? Or will you cling to revenge and use every chance to set your plan in motion? The choice lies solely in your hands!
After witnessing such brutal loss as the ninja world reels from the fallout, the orphans now face a crossroads: accept the protection and nurture of the Hokage’s village or dive headlong into darkness driven by revenge and resentment. Do you take the mantle of loyalty and repay kindness with kindness?
Every decision shapes your destiny - nurturing bonds with other survivors, training fiercely to master forbidden jutsu, or navigating the treacherous underbelly of ninja politics with an iron fist masked by a friendly smile. Befriend fellow warriors who either share your pain or conceal their own agendas. Unlock hidden abilities that push your limits but risk corrupting your soul.
Delve deep into the dark corners of the ninja world where secrets fester, rival clans plot silently, and whispers of past betrayals could shatter fragile peace at any moment. Will you choose mercy and rebuild what was lost?
Prepare to immerse yourself into a gripping tale of loss, loyalty, and raw ambition where every sly glance, whispered conversation, and quick strike in the night could tip the scales. Here, mercy and malice intertwine—choose wisely and claim your fate in this harsh world ruled by shadows and power.
Dive in now, take command of your destiny, and decide - will you become the grateful survivor who heals, or the vengeful shadow who destroys?
The battlefield awaits.
Springfield is about to heat up with even more chaos and as usual, most of the mess is going to come courtesy of Bart Simpson. But now, Bart isn't the kid you remember - he’s a young man with a new obsession. His appetite? Hot MILFs scattered all over his small hometown. From his best friend’s mom to his schoolteachers, none are safe from his advances.
Bart’s in no rush to settle on just one conquest. Every tantalizing encounter unfolds in a world where naughty desires run wild. The story pulls you through Bart’s journey from curious youth to confident man hungry for passion.
This game throws you straight into the heart of secret trysts, risqué homework sessions, and clandestine weekend rendezvous. The dialogue crackles with tension and dirty talk, each choice pushing you deeper into Bart’s wild world. Unlock scenes that bring those once innocent relationships crashing into a tangled mess of seduction and raw desire.
You don’t just watch - you control the pace, picking who Bart pursues next and how far he’s willing to go. Uncover hidden narratives, secret desires, and alternate endings based on your moves.
If you’re ready to leave childhood pranks behind and jump into a world dripping with lust, secrets, and forbidden pleasure, this is your moment. Press start and let the wild ride begin.
Tsunade, the fierce Godaime of Konoha from the legendary Naruto saga, finds herself cornered by a debt that even her immense strength can’t simply slash away. With cash nowhere in sight, she decides to unleash her unique and very personal jutsu to turn the tables. This powerful kunoichi targets two large, incredibly seductive men, using her voluptuous assets as bait. By triggering her signature jutsu, she drains them dry in the most arousing way imaginable, turning the encounter into an intoxicating exchange of juices. The encounter ends satisfying everyone involved, but the clock is ticking – two days remain for her to gather the entire debt. Desperation drives her next move: seeking out Raikage, Ay himself, to perform an unforgettable boob job that doubles as an addictive money-making method. Throughout this story-centric, provocative game, you take control of Tsunade in some of her most sizzling, boundary-pushing moments. Perfectly blending iconic Naruto themes with explicit adult content, it’s an epic Naruto hentai experience that’s equal parts thrilling and filthy. Expect intense blowjobs, juicy cumshots, erotic titjobs, messy facials, and humor that keeps the tone playful yet wicked. It’s a must-play for those who want raw, salacious Naruto XXX content combined with a compelling storyline driving every lewd encounter forward.
This adult game lets you explore a wild playground filled with your favorite Nintendo Wii characters. Switch between characters like Princess Peach, Samus Aran, Shantae, and Princess Daisy effortlessly and experiment with a huge variety of steamy sex poses.
Use your keyboard as your tool of pleasure: number keys, Space, and arrow keys become your instruments. Each character feels distinct, bringing their own flavor and appeal to the table.
The game’s POV perspective plunges you right into the action, making every move feel intensely personal. Whether it’s the playful innocence of Princess Peach or the fierce allure of Samus Aran, each scene is crafted to ignite your fantasies.
Don’t hesitate to mix and match characters and poses, pushing the limits of your imagination. The game’s intuitive controls make it easy to swap and engage, so you can focus on what really matters - indulging in your desires.
If you want to see those big breasts bounce and feel the raw intensity of a blonde’s touch, this is your playground. The combination of familiar faces and explicit content creates an addictive experience you won’t want to put down.
Ready to take control and dive into endless explicit fun with these iconic characters? Grab your keyboard and start exploring now.
The destiny of the galaxy doesn't rest solely on the Sith and Jedi. It also hinges on the fearless pilots willing to risk everything and always prepared to defend their freedom, no matter the cost. These pilots are just like you.
But are you truly ready to leave your own universe behind? To face challenges that no one has ever encountered before? This is where your real test begins.
Dive headfirst into a universe where nothing is as it seems. Every mission pushes you closer to the edge. Enemies lurk in the shadows, waiting to exploit your slightest mistake. You’re not just fighting for survival; you’re fighting for control over your own destiny.
Feel the rush of adrenaline as you pilot advanced starships through deadly skirmishes. Customize your ship, upgrade your weapons, and sharpen your skills. Every choice impacts your path forward.
Are you ready to embrace chaos and carve your legend among the stars? There’s no turning back now. Strap in, pilot – your journey beyond the stars begins now.
Take the leap and prove you have what it takes. The risks are high, but the rewards? Beyond imagination. Don’t just watch the story unfold – be the one who writes it.
Years have passed since the world of shinobi invaded your life and left it in ruins. You've survived, now living with your roommates under the watchful eye of your landlady. You've learned your lesson that destiny strikes when you least expect it.
Now, you must face the shadow world of shinobi once again. But this time, you're not that scared kid anymore with no skills or power to guard yourself and those you care about. This time around, you step into their world first with one goal - to destroy it from within.
Or maybe, a legion of busty kunoichi is all you really need to change your mind? These seductive warriors aren’t just eye candy; they will challenge you in ways you never thought possible, drawing you deeper into their world.
As you navigate this dangerous land, every choice you make will shape your fate. Will you rise as a shadowy force who controls both battle and desire? Or will you succumb to the intoxicating lure of these kunoichi, getting entwined in their deadly games?
Your journey is raw, brutal, and unrelenting. Every mission, every encounter, and every forbidden touch brings you closer to either total domination or your utter downfall.
So, gear up - the shinobi world doesn’t forgive hesitation. Whether you want to fight and conquer, it’s time to jump in. The shadows are waiting, and this time, you’re not just surviving - you’re rewriting the rules.
Snagging a smoking hot partner is one thing, but keeping her? That’s a whole different beast. What does it take to lose her forever? Sometimes just one stupid bet, one careless mistake—and then some handsome stranger walks right into your life. That’s exactly what happened to the main character in this twisted tale.
Now, step into his shoes and decide—can you fix this mess or is it game over? The clock’s ticking, the stakes are high, and every choice could push you closer to disaster—or redemption.
Dive headfirst into a scorching adventure where passion clashes with betrayal at every turn. This isn’t just a game about winning a girl—it’s about battling your own demons and proving what you’re really made of.
Are you prepared to face temptation, confront rivals, and fight tooth and nail for the one who slipped through your fingers? Only your choices will tell if this story ends in heartbreak or triumph.
So, are you ready to dive into this wild, sexy chaos and see if you can rewrite the ending? Trust me, it’s going to be one hell of a ride.
Craving a blonde video game princess who’s as filthy as she is gorgeous? Princess Peach is ready to wreck your world!
Forget Mario and his boring adventures - Peach isn’t just jumping over goombas anymore; she’s jumping right onto your throbbing trunk with more hunger and lust than you ever imagined.
Her boobs strain under that tight pink sundress, making her look even more trampy, like she’s begging you to take her right here and now.
Peach is one of those princesses who never wears panties, always ready to reward her biggest fan with the kind of dirty fun only a princess this naughty can offer.
This isn’t just another quick jerk-off session — it’s a first-person experience that throws you right into Peach’s sultry world.
Push Peach’s limits, let her fill your screen with sinful pleasure and naughty animations that bring her fantasy to life.
Ready to turn Princess Peach into your personal slut and dive deep into some hardcore cock riding?
Naruto has faced countless foes before, but never has he been this close to losing everything. Who is this strange new opponent? It’s you.
You’ve arrived from another dimension, yet you already understand how things work here. You know which characters can be allies, and who you must treat as enemies. This knowledge gives you a serious edge, and only you decide how to use it.
So why not start by building your own kunoichi harem? Choose your allies carefully, because every decision shapes your path. Dive into intense battles, use your cunning and skills to outsmart rivals, and watch your influence grow stronger with every victory.
But it’s not just about fighting. there’s passion, seduction, and alliances to forge. Every interaction could turn into something deeper. Will you win hearts just as easily as battles?
Step into this twisted realm where power and pleasure collide. Your choices will carve your legend. So what are you waiting for? Jump in now and rewrite Naruto’s fate with your hands.
Are you into fiery redheads, dark goth beauties or maybe wild, unpredictable girls? Step inside Titans Tower, the ultimate playground where all these tempting types live under one roof!
Take on the role of a rookie superhero, fresh on the scene, and embark on a journey an intense experience that mixes striking visuals, a dating simulator, and a hentai parody that will push your limits.
Each girl poses a unique challenge - and unlocking their secrets is the key to satisfying your deepest, wettest fantasies.
From Starfire’s fiery passion to Raven’s dark, brooding allure, and Jinx’s chaotic charm, you’ll find yourself caught up in a world where every interaction drips with tension.
Navigate through twisted dialogues and make decisions that lead you closer to pleasure. Unlock hidden scenes that bring your fantasies to life.
Whether you want to tame the wild redhead, Titans Tower has it all. This isn’t just a game - it’s a sensual adventure where your heroic instincts will be tested like never before.
So why wait? Dive into Titans Tower and see which girl falls for you first. Your wet dreams are just a click away.
A young boy sneaks into the girls' restroom, his eyes fixed on the alluring woman who’s just tossed a used tampon into the bin. He crouches silently behind the trash bin, heart pounding, as the woman's scent lingers in the air. This isn't just any chance encounter — it's the beginning of a twisted game of voyeurism and danger.
Suddenly, another woman enters, her face twisted in disgust as she detects something off about the room. She sniffs the air, frowning, as if catching a hint of the boy’s hidden presence. The tension thickens as she approaches, ready to expose the perverted little intruder.
Behind the scenes, the boy’s mind races, craving a forbidden connection amidst the crisp scent of the woman’s armpits and the rawness of the stolen moment. Every subtle movement, every breath she takes, fuels an intoxicating mix of shame and lust that pulses through the silent room.
This adult flash game doesn't shy away from exploring the darkest corners of forbidden lust, with animated sequences bringing every stolen glance and intimate touch to vivid life. With each click, you guide the boy deeper into his hidden desires, navigating the fine line between exposure and ecstasy.
The game promises a unique blend of bookworm sex, closet sex, and armpit sex - unusual themes that heighten the intensity of this secretive setting. The animations bring a raw, unpolished energy that makes every encounter feel dangerously real.
Get ready to slip behind the doors, hide in tight spaces, and indulge in the risqué thrill of being caught while discovering dark desires within innocent settings. This is not just a game - it’s a visceral journey into the messy, delicious chaos of secret lust and unspoken fantasies.
This game is a hentai-themed quiz that challenges your knowledge before unlocking steamy adult scenes. To begin, click on the glowing green hieroglyphs and brace for tricky questions that won’t be as simple as they seem. You’ll need to nail five questions consecutively—no room for mistakes if you want to see the erotic content waiting behind the challenge. The questions aren’t straightforward trivia—each one tests your wit and memory, especially since a restart means you’ll have to recall previous answers to progress. Once you crack the code, you’re rewarded with explicit hentai clips featuring intense scenes like passionate doggystyle encounters, creamy creampies, and explosive cumshots. The game’s mix of brain-teasing challenges and hardcore adult content creates an addictive loop—you’ll find yourself eager to quiz again just to relive those filthy scenes. If you’re a fan of hentai and crave a little mental stimulation before diving into the dirty stuff, this quiz game delivers both. So don’t hesitate—click those green hieroglyphs, prove your hentai savvy, and unlock the raw, unfiltered adult scenes waiting just beneath the surface.
Tragically, the fourth Excellent Ninja Battle has left countless children orphaned, yet a few fortunate ones managed to be taken in by none other than the Hokage. Yes, you heard that right. Now, what will you do? Will you embrace this mercy and return the favor? Or will you cling to revenge and use every chance to set your plan in motion? The choice lies solely in your hands!
After witnessing such brutal loss as the ninja world reels from the fallout, the orphans now face a crossroads: accept the protection and nurture of the Hokage’s village or dive headlong into darkness driven by revenge and resentment. Do you take the mantle of loyalty and repay kindness with kindness?
Every decision shapes your destiny - nurturing bonds with other survivors, training fiercely to master forbidden jutsu, or navigating the treacherous underbelly of ninja politics with an iron fist masked by a friendly smile. Befriend fellow warriors who either share your pain or conceal their own agendas. Unlock hidden abilities that push your limits but risk corrupting your soul.
Delve deep into the dark corners of the ninja world where secrets fester, rival clans plot silently, and whispers of past betrayals could shatter fragile peace at any moment. Will you choose mercy and rebuild what was lost?
Prepare to immerse yourself into a gripping tale of loss, loyalty, and raw ambition where every sly glance, whispered conversation, and quick strike in the night could tip the scales. Here, mercy and malice intertwine—choose wisely and claim your fate in this harsh world ruled by shadows and power.
Dive in now, take command of your destiny, and decide - will you become the grateful survivor who heals, or the vengeful shadow who destroys?
The battlefield awaits.
Springfield is about to heat up with even more chaos and as usual, most of the mess is going to come courtesy of Bart Simpson. But now, Bart isn't the kid you remember - he’s a young man with a new obsession. His appetite? Hot MILFs scattered all over his small hometown. From his best friend’s mom to his schoolteachers, none are safe from his advances.
Bart’s in no rush to settle on just one conquest. Every tantalizing encounter unfolds in a world where naughty desires run wild. The story pulls you through Bart’s journey from curious youth to confident man hungry for passion.
This game throws you straight into the heart of secret trysts, risqué homework sessions, and clandestine weekend rendezvous. The dialogue crackles with tension and dirty talk, each choice pushing you deeper into Bart’s wild world. Unlock scenes that bring those once innocent relationships crashing into a tangled mess of seduction and raw desire.
You don’t just watch - you control the pace, picking who Bart pursues next and how far he’s willing to go. Uncover hidden narratives, secret desires, and alternate endings based on your moves.
If you’re ready to leave childhood pranks behind and jump into a world dripping with lust, secrets, and forbidden pleasure, this is your moment. Press start and let the wild ride begin.
Tsunade, the fierce Godaime of Konoha from the legendary Naruto saga, finds herself cornered by a debt that even her immense strength can’t simply slash away. With cash nowhere in sight, she decides to unleash her unique and very personal jutsu to turn the tables. This powerful kunoichi targets two large, incredibly seductive men, using her voluptuous assets as bait. By triggering her signature jutsu, she drains them dry in the most arousing way imaginable, turning the encounter into an intoxicating exchange of juices. The encounter ends satisfying everyone involved, but the clock is ticking – two days remain for her to gather the entire debt. Desperation drives her next move: seeking out Raikage, Ay himself, to perform an unforgettable boob job that doubles as an addictive money-making method. Throughout this story-centric, provocative game, you take control of Tsunade in some of her most sizzling, boundary-pushing moments. Perfectly blending iconic Naruto themes with explicit adult content, it’s an epic Naruto hentai experience that’s equal parts thrilling and filthy. Expect intense blowjobs, juicy cumshots, erotic titjobs, messy facials, and humor that keeps the tone playful yet wicked. It’s a must-play for those who want raw, salacious Naruto XXX content combined with a compelling storyline driving every lewd encounter forward.
This adult game lets you explore a wild playground filled with your favorite Nintendo Wii characters. Switch between characters like Princess Peach, Samus Aran, Shantae, and Princess Daisy effortlessly and experiment with a huge variety of steamy sex poses.
Use your keyboard as your tool of pleasure: number keys, Space, and arrow keys become your instruments. Each character feels distinct, bringing their own flavor and appeal to the table.
The game’s POV perspective plunges you right into the action, making every move feel intensely personal. Whether it’s the playful innocence of Princess Peach or the fierce allure of Samus Aran, each scene is crafted to ignite your fantasies.
Don’t hesitate to mix and match characters and poses, pushing the limits of your imagination. The game’s intuitive controls make it easy to swap and engage, so you can focus on what really matters - indulging in your desires.
If you want to see those big breasts bounce and feel the raw intensity of a blonde’s touch, this is your playground. The combination of familiar faces and explicit content creates an addictive experience you won’t want to put down.
Ready to take control and dive into endless explicit fun with these iconic characters? Grab your keyboard and start exploring now.
The destiny of the galaxy doesn't rest solely on the Sith and Jedi. It also hinges on the fearless pilots willing to risk everything and always prepared to defend their freedom, no matter the cost. These pilots are just like you.
But are you truly ready to leave your own universe behind? To face challenges that no one has ever encountered before? This is where your real test begins.
Dive headfirst into a universe where nothing is as it seems. Every mission pushes you closer to the edge. Enemies lurk in the shadows, waiting to exploit your slightest mistake. You’re not just fighting for survival; you’re fighting for control over your own destiny.
Feel the rush of adrenaline as you pilot advanced starships through deadly skirmishes. Customize your ship, upgrade your weapons, and sharpen your skills. Every choice impacts your path forward.
Are you ready to embrace chaos and carve your legend among the stars? There’s no turning back now. Strap in, pilot – your journey beyond the stars begins now.
Take the leap and prove you have what it takes. The risks are high, but the rewards? Beyond imagination. Don’t just watch the story unfold – be the one who writes it.
Years have passed since the world of shinobi invaded your life and left it in ruins. You've survived, now living with your roommates under the watchful eye of your landlady. You've learned your lesson that destiny strikes when you least expect it.
Now, you must face the shadow world of shinobi once again. But this time, you're not that scared kid anymore with no skills or power to guard yourself and those you care about. This time around, you step into their world first with one goal - to destroy it from within.
Or maybe, a legion of busty kunoichi is all you really need to change your mind? These seductive warriors aren’t just eye candy; they will challenge you in ways you never thought possible, drawing you deeper into their world.
As you navigate this dangerous land, every choice you make will shape your fate. Will you rise as a shadowy force who controls both battle and desire? Or will you succumb to the intoxicating lure of these kunoichi, getting entwined in their deadly games?
Your journey is raw, brutal, and unrelenting. Every mission, every encounter, and every forbidden touch brings you closer to either total domination or your utter downfall.
So, gear up - the shinobi world doesn’t forgive hesitation. Whether you want to fight and conquer, it’s time to jump in. The shadows are waiting, and this time, you’re not just surviving - you’re rewriting the rules.
Snagging a smoking hot partner is one thing, but keeping her? That’s a whole different beast. What does it take to lose her forever? Sometimes just one stupid bet, one careless mistake—and then some handsome stranger walks right into your life. That’s exactly what happened to the main character in this twisted tale.
Now, step into his shoes and decide—can you fix this mess or is it game over? The clock’s ticking, the stakes are high, and every choice could push you closer to disaster—or redemption.
Dive headfirst into a scorching adventure where passion clashes with betrayal at every turn. This isn’t just a game about winning a girl—it’s about battling your own demons and proving what you’re really made of.
Are you prepared to face temptation, confront rivals, and fight tooth and nail for the one who slipped through your fingers? Only your choices will tell if this story ends in heartbreak or triumph.
So, are you ready to dive into this wild, sexy chaos and see if you can rewrite the ending? Trust me, it’s going to be one hell of a ride.
Craving a blonde video game princess who’s as filthy as she is gorgeous? Princess Peach is ready to wreck your world!
Forget Mario and his boring adventures - Peach isn’t just jumping over goombas anymore; she’s jumping right onto your throbbing trunk with more hunger and lust than you ever imagined.
Her boobs strain under that tight pink sundress, making her look even more trampy, like she’s begging you to take her right here and now.
Peach is one of those princesses who never wears panties, always ready to reward her biggest fan with the kind of dirty fun only a princess this naughty can offer.
This isn’t just another quick jerk-off session — it’s a first-person experience that throws you right into Peach’s sultry world.
Push Peach’s limits, let her fill your screen with sinful pleasure and naughty animations that bring her fantasy to life.
Ready to turn Princess Peach into your personal slut and dive deep into some hardcore cock riding?
Naruto has faced countless foes before, but never has he been this close to losing everything. Who is this strange new opponent? It’s you.
You’ve arrived from another dimension, yet you already understand how things work here. You know which characters can be allies, and who you must treat as enemies. This knowledge gives you a serious edge, and only you decide how to use it.
So why not start by building your own kunoichi harem? Choose your allies carefully, because every decision shapes your path. Dive into intense battles, use your cunning and skills to outsmart rivals, and watch your influence grow stronger with every victory.
But it’s not just about fighting. there’s passion, seduction, and alliances to forge. Every interaction could turn into something deeper. Will you win hearts just as easily as battles?
Step into this twisted realm where power and pleasure collide. Your choices will carve your legend. So what are you waiting for? Jump in now and rewrite Naruto’s fate with your hands.
Are you into fiery redheads, dark goth beauties or maybe wild, unpredictable girls? Step inside Titans Tower, the ultimate playground where all these tempting types live under one roof!
Take on the role of a rookie superhero, fresh on the scene, and embark on a journey an intense experience that mixes striking visuals, a dating simulator, and a hentai parody that will push your limits.
Each girl poses a unique challenge - and unlocking their secrets is the key to satisfying your deepest, wettest fantasies.
From Starfire’s fiery passion to Raven’s dark, brooding allure, and Jinx’s chaotic charm, you’ll find yourself caught up in a world where every interaction drips with tension.
Navigate through twisted dialogues and make decisions that lead you closer to pleasure. Unlock hidden scenes that bring your fantasies to life.
Whether you want to tame the wild redhead, Titans Tower has it all. This isn’t just a game - it’s a sensual adventure where your heroic instincts will be tested like never before.
So why wait? Dive into Titans Tower and see which girl falls for you first. Your wet dreams are just a click away.
A young boy sneaks into the girls' restroom, his eyes fixed on the alluring woman who’s just tossed a used tampon into the bin. He crouches silently behind the trash bin, heart pounding, as the woman's scent lingers in the air. This isn't just any chance encounter — it's the beginning of a twisted game of voyeurism and danger.
Suddenly, another woman enters, her face twisted in disgust as she detects something off about the room. She sniffs the air, frowning, as if catching a hint of the boy’s hidden presence. The tension thickens as she approaches, ready to expose the perverted little intruder.
Behind the scenes, the boy’s mind races, craving a forbidden connection amidst the crisp scent of the woman’s armpits and the rawness of the stolen moment. Every subtle movement, every breath she takes, fuels an intoxicating mix of shame and lust that pulses through the silent room.
This adult flash game doesn't shy away from exploring the darkest corners of forbidden lust, with animated sequences bringing every stolen glance and intimate touch to vivid life. With each click, you guide the boy deeper into his hidden desires, navigating the fine line between exposure and ecstasy.
The game promises a unique blend of bookworm sex, closet sex, and armpit sex - unusual themes that heighten the intensity of this secretive setting. The animations bring a raw, unpolished energy that makes every encounter feel dangerously real.
Get ready to slip behind the doors, hide in tight spaces, and indulge in the risqué thrill of being caught while discovering dark desires within innocent settings. This is not just a game - it’s a visceral journey into the messy, delicious chaos of secret lust and unspoken fantasies.
This game is a hentai-themed quiz that challenges your knowledge before unlocking steamy adult scenes. To begin, click on the glowing green hieroglyphs and brace for tricky questions that won’t be as simple as they seem. You’ll need to nail five questions consecutively—no room for mistakes if you want to see the erotic content waiting behind the challenge. The questions aren’t straightforward trivia—each one tests your wit and memory, especially since a restart means you’ll have to recall previous answers to progress. Once you crack the code, you’re rewarded with explicit hentai clips featuring intense scenes like passionate doggystyle encounters, creamy creampies, and explosive cumshots. The game’s mix of brain-teasing challenges and hardcore adult content creates an addictive loop—you’ll find yourself eager to quiz again just to relive those filthy scenes. If you’re a fan of hentai and crave a little mental stimulation before diving into the dirty stuff, this quiz game delivers both. So don’t hesitate—click those green hieroglyphs, prove your hentai savvy, and unlock the raw, unfiltered adult scenes waiting just beneath the surface.